•
Morlin
B, Hammarstrom M., 2005. Nitric oxide increases
cervical secretion at the ovulatory phase in the female.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Sep; 84 (9): 883-6
Abstract:
Uterine cervical mucus is crucial for reproduction,
facilitating sperm transport and survival in certain
mammals. Cholinergic autonomic nervous secretory
innervation has been established, and modulation
of secretion by prostaglandins and non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs has been postulated. It
has been suggested that glandular nitric oxide (NO)
production is a prerequisite for the autonomic cholinergic
nervous modulation of cervical, endometrial, and
the seminal vesicle secretion. Most secretory genital
tract cells, female as well as male, seem to display
NO synthase activity. METHODS: Cervical secretion
at ovulation time was studied in 10 women with regular
menstruation. In an in vivo model with repeated
collection of mucus samples during four 60-min periods,
the amount of mucus was estimated in a control experimental
series and in an experimental series following sublingual
administration of the NO donor nitroglycerin. RESULTS:
This administration markedly increased cervical
secretion, while no changes in cervical
secretion were seen in the control experimental
series. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that
NO production increases cervical secretion.
Thus, cervical secretion may, apart from hormonal
regulation, be influenced by the autonomic nervous
system, and in addition, NO may be a prerequisite
for this influence. This in turn may have implications
on fertilization and fertility regulation.
•
Gorodeski
GI., 2000. NO increases permeability of cultured
human cervical epithelia by cGMP-mediated increase
in G-actin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol., May;
278(5):C942-52
Human
cervical epithelial cells express mRNA for the nitric
oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) isoforms ecNOS, bNOS,
and iNOS and release NO into the extracellular medium.
N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
(L-NAME), an NOS inhibitor, and Hb, an NO scavenger,
decreased paracellular permeability; in contrast,
the NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine
increased paracellular permeability across cultured
human cervical epithelia on filters, suggesting
that NO increases cervical paracellular
permeability. The objective of the study
was to understand the mechanisms of NO action
on cervical paracellular permeability....
On the basis of these results, it is suggested that
NO acts on guanylate cyclase and stimulates an increase
in cGMP; cGMP, acting via cGMP-dependent protein
kinase, shifts actin steady-state toward G-actin;
this fragments the cytoskeleton and renders cells
more sensitive to decreases in cell size and resistance
of the lateral intercellular space and, hence, to
increases in permeability. These results
may be important for understanding NO regulation
of transcervical paracellular permeability and secretion
of cervical mucus in the woman.
•
Morlin
B, Andersson E, Bystrom B, Hammarstrom M. Nitric
oxide induces endometrial secretion at implantation
time. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Nov; 84(11):
1029-34.
Abstract.
Uterine cervical secretory cells receive a sympathetic
cholinergic secretomotor innervation. Glandular nitric
oxide (NO) production has been proposed to be a prerequisite
for muscarine-induced carbohydrate secretion from
endometrial glands and cervical glands at ovulation
time and from the seminal vesicle glands.
Nitric oxide has also been suggested to have a significant
role in the process of implantation
and early pregnancy, a process, which has also been
compared with an inflammatory response.... CONCLUSIONS.
The results of this study suggest that glandular
NO production is a prerequisite for the autonomic
nervous modulation of endometrial secretion
in the guinea pig and that NO may play a role
in the implantation time.
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